Make decisions or solve problems Essay

What argon heuristic rule rules? How do they help us make finales or put to work tasks? How do they obstruct decision making and problem resolve? What does the study of heuristics tell us about how our mind works? Elvira Gubayeva In psychology, the term heuristics is calld to describe cognitive shortcuts that our mind takes in ordinate to save time and effort while solving problems and making decisions. Although this regularise of thumb technique does not guarantee the solution, it is highly likely to solve the problem.These congnitive shortcuts differ from algorithms as algorithms will definitely solve the problem, although they would consume more than time in the process. Thus, heuristics are shortcuts that eliminate the need to consider unconvincing possibilities or irrelevant bows to reach the final solution. From that perspective, heuristics are useful in making decisions or solving problems. One of the most important heuristic methods was explored by Newell & Simon. They called this method the means-ends analysis.This method implies that the problem solver will crease the difference between the current state of the problem and the purpose state, the solution. He would then create a sub destruction to visit the difference between the 2 states. A path, or an operator, would be selected to reach the sub death. Egan & Greeno(1974) used the Tower of capital of Vietnam problem to investigate this heuristic method. They found that subjects with prior experience with the problem who used the means-ends analysis solved more difficult versions of the problem winged than subjects who did not make appropriate subgoals.Subjects who changed their strategy to means-ends analysis produced better results than those who did not. general heuristics are useful in solving problems and making decisions as they reduce the complexity of different solutions that are possible. They do yield good results when they are used in the appropriate context. However, heuri stics can buoy also hinder decision making and problem solving. For example, Anzai & Simon(1979) found that many subjects used sector bloodsucking strategies while solving the tower of Hanoi problem.This hindered their process to the solution as they avoided certain states in the puzzle that they believed would not help them, rather than trend towards a definite goal/ subgoal state. Subjects were more interested in the goal state and focused on reaching that rather than reaching the subgoal state first. As Thomas(1974) found, this could actually hinder process. Thomas used the missionaries-cannibals puzzle and sufficient J. R. R. Tolkiens hobbits and orcs to replace missionaries and cannibals. To reach the solution quicker, subjects had to move off from the goal state.However, not many were willing to do that. This distraction to reach the goal state caused the subjects to take longer solving the problem. If the subjects found themselves moving away from the goal state, they t ypically thought they reached a back alley and backtracked. As a result, subjects took longer to solve the problem as they were using the domain dependent heuristic and avoided moving away from the goal. Another heuristic which could hinder correct decision making and problem solving is the availability heuristic.We use data that we can remember better or that which had a large impact on us rather than complete data. Thus subjects can make judgements based on what is easier remembered than an unbiased judgement. One availability heuristic that is commonly used is the media bias. The media presents such a great number of deadly accidents that most think that death is more likely to be caused by an accident rather than diabetes. This is not the case, yet because an accident is easier to remember and had a greater impact on the mind most would consider the contestation above to be true.