F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

During Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, it is apparent to be an absurd time for the wealthy. The shall holdess of money, riches, and a place in a high loving family unit were probably the most important components in most lives at that period of time. This is expressed clearly by Fitzgerald, especially through his characters, which intromit myrtle Wilson, turkey cock and Daisy Buchanan, and of course, Jay Gatsby. This novel was obviously written to criticize and condemn the ethics of the rich.The starting character who represents the superficiality of the wealthy is myrtle Wilson, even though she is not wealthy at all. She seeks to escape her own categorize and s similarlyps to the low point of betraying her trusting husband who loves her more than anything. Her attempt to break into the higher class that Tom belongs to is doomed to fail. Even though she does take on Toms way of living during their affair, she only becomes more vulgar and corrupt like the rich. She scorns peopl e from her own class and loses all sense of morality. Myrtle never finds a place in Toms higher social division, and what reveals her impertinence most is that she thought she would succeed in the first place, giving up all her morals for the wealthy. Undoubtedly, Tom and Daisy Buchanan exceedingly demonstrate the wealthy classs lack of integrity. Their lives are filled with material comforts and luxuries and on the whole exonerate of true purpose. Daisys lament is especially indicative of thisWhatll we do with ourselves this afternoon? And the day after that? And the next thirty years?Daisy also exhibits her shallowness when she is too uneasy to wait for her love, Gatsby, to return from he war, and she marries Tom. Her most drastic immoral action is committed when she runs over Myrtle and does not even bother to bump and back up a person that is below her. Daisys husband, Tom shows his ridiculous morality in different ways. One way is his search for power, which is shown most t hrough his affair with Myrtle and his possessiveness. He evidently feels further domination and masculinity when he has her, a woman of lower class, as his mistress. Secondly, Tom Buchanan is shallow enough to think that everything and everyone he has in his life are part of his property. This increases his power and makes him feel as if he is truly successful. This couple, Tom and Daisy certainly contain serious corruptness due to their shallowness and self-indulgence.F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby essays research papers During Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, it is apparent to be an absurd time for the wealthy. The shallowness of money, riches, and a place in a higher social class were probably the most important components in most lives at that period of time. This is expressed clearly by Fitzgerald, especially through his characters, which include Myrtle Wilson, Tom and Daisy Buchanan, and of course, Jay Gatsby. This novel was obviously written to criticize and condemn th e ethics of the rich.The first character who represents the shallowness of the wealthy is Myrtle Wilson, even though she is not wealthy at all. She seeks to escape her own class and stoops to the low point of betraying her trusting husband who loves her more than anything. Her attempt to break into the higher class that Tom belongs to is doomed to fail. Even though she does take on Toms way of living during their affair, she only becomes more vulgar and corrupt like the rich. She scorns people from her own class and loses all sense of morality. Myrtle never finds a place in Toms higher social division, and what reveals her impertinence most is that she thought she would succeed in the first place, giving up all her morals for the wealthy. Undoubtedly, Tom and Daisy Buchanan exceedingly demonstrate the wealthy classs lack of integrity. Their lives are filled with material comforts and luxuries and completely empty of true purpose. Daisys lament is especially indicative of thisWhatll we do with ourselves this afternoon? And the day after that? And the next thirty years?Daisy also exhibits her shallowness when she is too restless to wait for her love, Gatsby, to return from he war, and she marries Tom. Her most drastic immoral action is committed when she runs over Myrtle and does not even bother to stop and help a person that is below her. Daisys husband, Tom shows his ridiculous morality in different ways. One way is his search for power, which is shown most through his affair with Myrtle and his possessiveness. He evidently feels further domination and masculinity when he has her, a woman of lower class, as his mistress. Secondly, Tom Buchanan is shallow enough to think that everything and everyone he has in his life are part of his property. This increases his power and makes him feel as if he is truly successful. This couple, Tom and Daisy certainly contain serious corruptness due to their shallowness and self-indulgence.

The Character of Scarlet in Gone With the Wind Essay -- Gone With the

The Character of sanguine in Gone With the Wind My Dear, I dont give a damn, (718) Rhett pantryman says this infamous quote to Scar allow OHara at the end of Gone With the Wind (1934), when the woman has finally poured her soul to him. The novel Gone with the Wind (1934) by Margaret Mitchell is a classic about the hard times suffered during and after the Civil War. Scarlet lives in the Confederacy and everyone there is for fighting for his or her noble Cause. The young southerly belle Scarlet OHara is forced to do things she never thought a girl of her class and nature would have to do. All throughout the novel, she is faced with serious problems. Scarlet plainly states, Ill not think of that today, Ill think of it tomorrow, for tomorrow is an other day, which of course she never does. It is this thought however, that makes her reputation stay strong, although sometimes living in a daydream. Without telling herself this, Scarlet would have broken down in the very beginning after the war had started. Scarlet lives for the future and not the past. Its this about her that makes her character admirable and noble At first the reader would think Scarlets character is snobbish and helpless. Through her determination, she forces others to change their opinion of her. In the beginning, she is a young, beautiful cardinal -year old, with a seventeen-inch waist, the smallest in the county. At parties, she never has less than a dozen young men surrounding her, all of whom she never lets know whom she truly loves. The other girls find Scarlet heartless, the way she leads all those boys on, but Scarlet pays no mind to them. She knows they are just bitter with jealousy. She does truly love Ashley Wilkes, but he is to announce his enga... ...d a cause of her own. While many characters in the book fought and died for the great Cause, she cared more about her own. Scarlet had to care for Tara and her family. Although many see her as repulsive, by looking at her acts, she ma de herself strong with words. The once young and carefree girl was forced to marry for money, not for love, twice. When Scarlet finally let her only true love in life, Rhett Butler, know how she felt about him, she realizes all too late how horrid shes acted, he finally puts Scarlet in her place by stating My dear, I dont give a damn. At these words, Scarlet still does not break down. After all she has been through she knows what to do. She tells her self that tomorrow is another day, and tomorrow she will get Rhett back. Works Cited Mitchell, Margaret. Gone With the Wind. NewYork The Macmillan Company,1994

Because I Could Not Stop for Death :: Literary Analysis, Dickinson

Because I Could Not Stop for shoemakers last is proclaimed to be Emily Dickinsons most famous poem. This poem reveals Emily Dickinsons calm acceptance of demolition. She portrays death being a gentleman that surprises her with a visit. Emily illustrates everyday scenes into a life cycle. While her metaphors explore death in an imitable way, her lines often contain as a great deal uncertainty as meaning. Life and death are but trails to eternity and are seen less important when viewed in the framework of eternity. Emily Dickinsons poem Death is a gentleman taking a woman out for a drive. Because I could not stop for death, He kindly stopped for me (Dickinson 1-2). Emily describes being a busy woman who is caught up with everyday situations. When it comes to death, no one plans on a time or date to die what Emily is identifying as a tragic event is translated to being a casual experience. Emily writes, The carriage held but just ourselves, and immortality, (3-4). Emily describes her ride with death, but affiliates a third rider Immortality. Davidson does not emphasize what is gained afterward death she emphasizes what is lost because of death, (Privatsky 35). Emilys third passenger has a wide variety of interpretations. Normally, one doesnt think about death, yet Emilys entree to death is similar of the approach to immortality. My viewpoint is Emily construes her belief in a soul that does not die but live on till eternity. The predilection of immortality is confronted with the fact of physical disintegration. We are not told what to think we are told to look at the situation, (Tate 26). According to Dickinsons words, He slowly drove He knew no haste (5-6). Emily describes a relaxing slow pace towards an unknown destination. On the way she enjoys the peaceful scenes. We passed the school, where children strove, At recess In the Ring-(Dickinson 9-10). Emily is reflecting in her past, this may as well as be seen as the beginning of a life cycle. Emily then goes on to say, We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain- (11). The phrase that she decides to use is judicious because she is not the observer, but instead she is the observed. At that point, she further goes on to describe Setting Sun- as the last scene in her ride. All three of these images suggest phases of the life cycle that the speaker has passed and is difference through and clue us in on her experienceTime has stopped for her, and the fields of grain do the gazing, not her, (Semansky 34-35).

Grapes of Wrath - Many Questions and Few Answers :: Grapes Wrath essays

Many Questions and Few Answers in The Grapes of Wrath The book The Grapes of Wrath focuses on a particular section of America called the Dust Bowl during the early nineteen thirties. During this time, when tenant farming was a way of life for so more Oklahomans, there came a drought which drastically cut down production of crops and forced the marge to evict the tenants in order to cut losses. The problem may seem straightforward at first, and maybe it is, but the cause of the problem should not be simplified. Naturally, the three participants in this disaster, the tenants, the bank and the workers, have their own separate, and logical, points of view. Who is upright? In the larger picture, events occurring during this time period involving banks and corporations are primitive examples of the widespread greedy capitalism infused in our modern society. One cannot think of the tenants of these farms without feeling some(a) sort of pity or sympathy, because they had no concept of banks or land ownership. To them, land was theirs if they lived, struggled, and eventually died on it not just because of a flimsy flat solid of paper in hand. My pa come here fifty years ago. An I aint a-goin.(60), was the sentiment expressed by Muley Graves and felt by galore(postnominal) Oklahomans when first ordered off their farms. Some reacted quite violently, threatening to shoot anyone who came onto their land with a tractor to tear down their house, but when the tractor came and one of their friends drove it, they primed(p) down their guns in submission. Who gave you orders? Ill go after him. Hes the one to kill.(49), said one disgruntled farmer. Youre wrong. He got his orders from the bank. the driver replied. The farmer also found out that the bank got their orders from the East and wondered in exasperation, But where does it stop? Who can we shoot?(49) Basically, the tenants were cut off from their livelihood and without hope since they werent even sure whom they coul d kill or what psyche to talk to in order to keep the land. The Bank. Who is a bank? Is it a person? A physical thing? Couldnt it see that it was causing such ugly and despair? Although the heads of the bank could sympathize with the plight of the tenants, they felt that for some reason, the eviction could not be stopped.

Stricter DUI Penalties Needed! Essay -- drunk driving, argument, alcoh

Alcohol is the main beverage for parties and special occasions in the United States. galore(postnominal) people decide to drink alcoholic beverage because it helps them relax, ease tension and socializing. Even most non-drinkers are forced to drink alcohol because of peer pressure. Hebert Moskowitz, the president of the Southern California Research Institute in Los Angeles, concedes that alcohol has been so popular these days it seems as though alcohol is a requirement for parties (Moskowitz, 13). Unfortunately, most UNM students do not know their limits for alcohol consumption. By the time a party is over, they fail to realize that they had one too many drinks and they decide to drink and drive. According to the National Highway Traffic guard and Administration (NHTSA), in 2009 there were approximately 10,839 reported student drunk driving fatalities. Even though the number of alcohol-related crashes decreases every year, driving under the beguile (DUI) of alcohol should not be u nderestimated. Approximately every twenty-two minutes, one in every fifty American drunk drivers crashes due to alcohol (NHTSA, 2009). Many UNM students under the influence of alcohol do not understand the consequences as they get into their car. It is our duty as students to take action against student drunk drivers, in order to make our campus and roads safer. The solution is simple. As students, we need to be re-educate UNM students about DUI and petition to ask the Government of New Mexico for harsher penalties against drunk drivers. There declare been many awareness campaigns, such as the current, You Drink, You Drive, You Lose Campaign. Many campaigns have tried to let UNM students understand the dangers of drinking while driving. However, many students still conti... ...ws, Sports, Entertainment, Jobs, Classifieds And Advertising. 21 Feb. 2011. Web. 04 Apr. 2011. . Moskowitz, Hebert, and Marcelline Burns. Effects of Alcohol on Driving Performance. Alcohol Health & Research World 17.4 (1993) 12-15. NHTSA. Traffic Safety Facts 2009. National Center for Statistics and Analysis 13-143. Web. 8 Apr. 2011. . Pacheco, Angela. expatriate Safety Law Center. Transportation Safety Law Center Home Page. Web. 08 Apr. 2011. . Sen, Anindya. WILL STRICTER PENALTIES DETER DRUNK DRIVING? Policy Options (1999) 54-60. Print. Think Quest. 1.4 Underage drink - ThinkQuest. Oracle Think Quest Education Foundation. Web. 8 Apr. 2011.

Stricter DUI Penalties Needed! Essay -- drunk driving, argument, alcoh

Alcohol is the main beverage for parties and special occasions in the United States. many a(prenominal) people decide to drink alcohol because it helps them relax, ease tension and socializing. Even most non-drinkers are forced to drink alcohol because of peer pressure. Hebert Moskowitz, the president of the Southern California Research Institute in Los Angeles, concedes that alcohol has been so popular these days it seems as though alcohol is a requirement for parties (Moskowitz, 13). Unfortunately, most UNM students do not know their limits for alcohol consumption. By the time a party is over, they fail to realize that they had one too many drinks and they decide to drink and drive. According to the National Highway Traffic precaution and Administration (NHTSA), in 2009 there were approximately 10,839 reported student drunk driving fatalities. Even though the number of alcohol-related crashes decreases every year, driving under the lick (DUI) of alcohol should not be underestim ated. Approximately every twenty-two minutes, one in every fifty American drunk drivers crashes due to alcohol (NHTSA, 2009). Many UNM students under the influence of alcohol do not understand the consequences as they get into their car. It is our duty as students to take action against student drunk drivers, in order to make our campus and roads safer. The solution is simple. As students, we need to be re-educate UNM students about DUI and petition to ask the Government of New Mexico for harsher penalties against drunk drivers. There guide been many awareness campaigns, such as the current, You Drink, You Drive, You Lose Campaign. Many campaigns have tried to let UNM students understand the dangers of drinking while driving. However, many students still conti... ...ws, Sports, Entertainment, Jobs, Classifieds And Advertising. 21 Feb. 2011. Web. 04 Apr. 2011. . Moskowitz, Hebert, and Marcelline Burns. Effects of Alcohol on Driving Performance. Alcohol Health & Research World 17.4 (1993) 12-15. NHTSA. Traffic Safety Facts 2009. National Center for Statistics and Analysis 13-143. Web. 8 Apr. 2011. . Pacheco, Angela. cargo ships Safety Law Center. Transportation Safety Law Center Home Page. Web. 08 Apr. 2011. . Sen, Anindya. WILL STRICTER PENALTIES DETER DRUNK DRIVING? Policy Options (1999) 54-60. Print. Think Quest. 1.4 Underage swallow - ThinkQuest. Oracle Think Quest Education Foundation. Web. 8 Apr. 2011.

Progressive Movement Essay

The period from 1890 to 1917 in the history of United States is kn witness as modernized era. This period is marked by an on the whole-encompassing and intensive change in all spheres of Ameri domiciliate life viz. policy-making, frugal and social. The progressive leaders with faith in the traditional American ideals of democratic government, individual liberty, rule of police force and protection of private rights and property, felt that Gilded Age was marked by corruption. They further felt that due to the policies and practices of the previous regimes, a privileged wealthy crystallize has been created that had plundered the national wealth and resources.Prof. Ekirch (1978) explored the profound intellectual factors behind the industrial movement. He illustrates trans-Atlantic roots of this phenomenon that starts with Darwinism. He says in this regard that it was the transformation of the Populist and collectivistic ideas of the 1890s into an American version of the state s ocialism or social democracy (p.34). Furthermore he considers it a response to industrialization of America and Imperialism incursion the world over. Still there is an another(prenominal) viewpoint that postulates the theory that the progressive movement never existed (Filene, 1970. p.1)So these motives propelled them to create a new socio-political milieu to elevation the true American ideals. They wanted that studyity of the people must be associated with the government and those ruling over the United States must be made soluble to the electorates. They also expected higher standard of professional morality and integrity from the officials. In the economic sphere they were alarmed by the growth of increased monopoly of a few entrepreneurs and exploitations of the farmers and working classes.These leaders from middle class pleaded for government regulation of big assembly rakees to prevent exploitations pf the weaker sections. Stressing on the needs for reforms, Theodore Roo sevelt said, No hard-and-fast rule can be laid down as to the way in which such work reform must be make but almost certainly each man, whatever his position, should strive to do it in some way and to some degree. (Roosevelt) Most of the problems that Progressives wanted to tackle was an outcome of the industrial expansion and the political-industrial coalitions of the Gilded Age.During the Progressive almost every department of American life was overhauled and modernized. Thus Progressivism was a movement with predominantly middle class objectives and viewpoint, deriving much of its support from beautiful businessmen, farmers and professional people. The typical progressive leader was some lawyer, journalist or businessmen who, aroused by corruption or misgovernment in his own community, started a crusade to elect better men to office, and gradually came to the realization that what was needed was a reform of the system as well as a change of men. ( Parkes, p.544)Broadly speaki ng the Progressive reformists fall in to categories. The first category consists of those who had its origin in the agrarian West and concerned themselves mainly with economic issues. The prominent among these Progressives were Henry George (author of Progress and Poverty), Edward Bellamy (author of looking Backward).the chief political spokesman of this category of Progressivism was Altgald and Donnelly, Brian and La Follette.The second category consists of those Eastern Progressives who addressed themselves to the problems like the tariff reform, meritoriousness system and anti-Imperialism. The predominant spokesmen of this category were Godkin, George William Curtis and President Charles W. Eliot of Harvard University. Its political spokesmen were Carl Schurz, Abram S. Hewitt and Woodrow Wilson.The Progressives also differed as to how the state should interfere to protect the weaker sections of the society. at that place were some Progressives like Theodore Roosevelt who held t hat the growth of business corporations were inevitable economic trend and governments should not abolish them. The government should merely concern itself with the regulation of their affairs. In short, they stood for greater governmental control over enlarged enterprises and industrial units.To undo justices to the weaker sections and labor, they stood for extension of great privileges and compensations to the working classes as well as the strengthening of tack unions, which they believe would counteract the powers of big corporations and their corrupt practices. There was still another group of Progressive, supported by Woodrow Wilson, who emphasized the need of prohibiting monopoly, protecting small business and enforcing effecting competition. In other orders they were more in line with liberalism.The first battle of reforms were fought by the Progressives at the Municipal and state level. This was so be motive the states under American radical system had jurisdiction over almost all matters of social character i.e. working hours, wages of labor, conditions of workplace, welfare of women and children, education, health, suffrage etc. So it was in the states that most national reforms were initially tested at the vestigial stages. Furthermore these states also served as the testing grounds for reformers who later undertook the reforms at the national level. Thus Roosevelt got his training at New York city and Albany. La Follett larn the economies of railway and trust regulation in Wisconsin and Woodrow Wilson earned the reputation of a great reformer as a liberal Governor of New Jersey.However, the most spectacular reforms in this period were accomplished at state Level by Robert Marion La Follette of Wisconsin (although the spade work for reforms at the state level was d atomic number 53 John P. Altgald of Illinois and Hazen S. Pingree in Michigan). He consistently fought for the democratic ideals and was opposed to domination of Government by the b usiness interests. During his Governorship, he gave concrete shape to his Wisconsin Idea. He enlarged democracy through the direct primary initiative and referendum.He accomplished potation on campaigns expenditures, municipal home rule, civil service reforms and substructure of bureau of experts to advise the administration. With a view to protect the people against exploitations by large business corporations, La Follette set up commissions to regulate Railway and other public utility services. He further enforced the law that compelled the rail companies and timber corporations to pay their share of taxes. Additionally, he introduced several reforms that changed the socio-economic set-up of the whole state.At the federal level, the Progressive movement set in with the inauguration of the President Roosevelt, who was the first of the three Progressive Presidents i.e. Taft and Woodrow Wilson. His first act to curtail the powers of the large organizations was epitomized through th e retinue against The Northern Securities Company in 1903. He introduced other legislative measures to breakdown the monopoly of the large corporations. Elkins Act of 1903, Hepburn Act of 1906 are only some examples.Second major proponent of Progressivism at the Federal level was President William Howard Taft (1909-1913) who accomplished more progressive legislation than the Roosevelt. He introduced and enacted law to check corrupt practices during the elections. He dissolve ninety trusts under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (these trusts were saving huge taxes in the name of charity and were involved in certain illegal activities).He strengthened the cause of democracy when he propagated the idea of direct elections for the senators and introduced 17th amendments in the U.S. constitutions that provided for direct elections of the members of the Senate instead being elected by the State legislatures. Furthermore, he wanted to cast down tariffs because he felt hat the Dingley Act of 18 97 was much too high and enabled the entrepreneurs to charge exorbitant prices. It is often alleged that Taft was not a true Progressive but it remains the fact that more progressive legislation was enacted during his presidency.Woodrow is the next in the row for progressive presidents. He introduced far-reaching economic reforms and adopted a chassis other progressive measure to capacitate the entire American spirit with purpose. Hs foremost priority was the revision of tariff and introduction of viable reforms. He was prosperous to get The Underwood Tariff Act (1913) passed. Secondly, he introduced another Act to reconstruct the monetary and banking sector. He introduced certain other legislative measure to minimise the effect of Gilded Age1. Although his program of more progressive reforms were cut short but the outbreak or WW II but two more constitutional amendment (18th and 19th) became effective in his presidency.2Though Progressives could not bring about the revolutionary transformation of the political and economic system, yet it cannot be denied that through their reforms they tried to amend democracy and made the rulers responsible and accountable to the public. Perhaps the best known results of this era are the 18th and 19th Amendments, Prohibition and woman suffrage respectively. only this legislation really came at the tail end of the period which has come to be known as the Age of Reform.The amendments were actually the byproducts of an immense social and political upheaval which changed forever the expectations of the role government would play in American society. (PBS) The most important contribution of the progressive era was the change that they incorporated in the attitudes of the political and business leaders. In the subsequent years, the big business corporations could not completely ignore the public and their interests. Although the Progressive era was a short one but it pioneered a new role for government.ReferencesEkirch, Arthu r A. Progressivism in America. A study of the Era from TheodoreRoosevelt to Woodrow Wilson. New York New Viewpoints. 1974.Filene, Peter G. An Obituary for The Progressive Movement. American Quarterly. Vol.22, No. 1(Spring, 1970). pp. 20-34Parkes, Henry B. The United States of AmericaA History. New York, Knopf, 1959PBS. The Progressive Era 1900-1918.Retrieved on March 07, 2007 fromhttp//www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eleanor/peopleevents/pande08.html1 Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) and the formation of Federal trade commission to reduce the unfair methods of trade are some other measures.2 18th Amendment of U.S. Constitution the process of introduction of Prohibition was completed whereas 19th Amendments granted the right of vote to the women on equal terms with men.

India’s Sacred Cow Essay

The cultural practices of other people often seem strange, irrational, and even inexplicable to outsiders. In fact, the members of the culture in question may be unable to give a ration exclusivelyy satisfying explanation of why they be pitch as they do they may say that the gods wish it so, or that it is always done that way. Yet a fundamental assumption of social science is that no matter how peculiar or even bizarre human cultures may appear, they can be understood at least in part. To Americans and Europeans, the attitude of most people in India toward all overawes is perplexing. Hindus regard the animals as unspeakable and will non kill or have them. In India a grand population of browbeats wanders freely through both rural beas and urban center streets, undisturbed by the millions of hungry and malnourished people. Why? Marvin Harris suggests an answer to such puzzles. In this quite famous article, he suggests that Indias sacred overawe is in fact quite a rational c ultural adaptation because the cow is so extraordinarily useful.News photographs that came out of India during the famine of the late 1960s showed starving people stretching out bony hands to beg for food for thought while cows strolled behind them undisturbed. The Hindu, it seems, would rather starve to death than eat his cow or even deprive it of food. western specialists in food habits around the world consider Hinduism an irrational ideology that compels people to overlook abundant, nutritious foods for scarcer, less(prenominal) healthful foods.Many Western ob practicers believe that an absurd devotion to the mother cow pervades Indian life. Many Indians agree with Western assessments of the Hindu reverence for their cattle, the zebu, a large-humped species of cattle prevalent in Asia and Africa. M. N. Srinivas, an Indian anthropologist states Orthodox Hindu opinion regards the killing of cattle with abhorrence, even though the refusal to kill the vast number of trivial c attle which exists in India today is detrimental to the nation. Even the Indian Ministry of Information formerly maintained that the large animal population is more than a indebtedness than an asset in view of our demesne resources. Accounts from many different sources point to the same conclusion India, one of the worlds great civilizations, is being stifled by its love for the cow.The easy explanation for Indias devotion to the cow, the one most Westerners and Indians would offer, is that cow worship is an integral part of Hinduism. Religion is somehow grievous for the soul, even if it sometimes fails the body. Religion orders the cosmos and explains our place in the universe. Religious beliefs, many would claim, have existed for thousands of years and have a life of their own. They are not understandable in scientific terms. But all this ignores history. There is more to be said for cow worship than is immediately apparent.History of Cow idolize The earliest Vedas, the Hindu sacred texts from the Second Millennium B.C., do not prohibit the butchering of cattle. Instead, they ordain it as a part of sacrificial services. The primeval Hindus did not avoid the flesh of overawe and bulls they ate it at ceremonial feasts presided over by Brahman priests. Cow worship is a relatively recent development in India it evolved as the Hindu religion developed and changed. This evolution is recorded in royal edicts and religious texts written during the last 3,000 years of Indian history. The Vedas from the First Millennium B.C. contain contradictory passages, some referring to ritual slaughter and others to a strict taboo on boeuf consumption. Many of the sacred-cow passages were incorporated into the texts by priests in a later period. By 200 A.D. the status of Indian cattle had undergone a transformation.The Brahman priesthood exhorted the population to venerate the cow and forbade them to abuse it or to feed on it. Religious feasts involving the ritual slau ghter and consumption of livestock were eliminated and meat mother in was restricted to the nobility. By 1000 A.D., all Hindus were forbidden to eat beef. Ahimsa, the Hindu belief in the unity of all life, was the spiritual justification for this restriction. But it is difficult to ascertain exactly when this change occurred. An important event that helped to cast the modern complex was the Islamic invasion, which took place in the Eighth Century A.D. Hindus may have found it politically expedient to set themselves off from the invaders, who were beefeaters, by emphasizing the need to prevent the slaughter of their sacred animals. Thereafter, the cow taboo assumed its modern form and began to function much as it does today. The place of the cow in modern India is every place on posters, in the movies, in brass figures, in stone and wood carvings, on the streets, in the fields. The cow is a symbol of health and abundance.The Economic Uses of The Cow The cattle are not just worshi ped and revered in India. They are also extraordinarily useful. The zebu cow supports the draw that Indians consume in the form of yogurt and ghee (clarified butter), which contribute subtle flavors to much spicy Indian food. This is one practical role of the cow, but cows provide less than half the take out produced in India. Most cows in India are not dairy breeds. In most regions, when an Indian farmer wants a steady, uplifted-quality source of milk he usually invests in a female pissing buffalo. In India the water buffalo is the specialized dairy breed because its milk has a prouder butterfat content than zebu milk. Although the farmer milks his zebu cows, the milk is merely a by-product. More vital than zebu milk to South Asian farmers are zebu calves. Male calves are especially look upond because from bulls come oxen which are the mainstay of the Indian agrarian system.Small, fast oxen drag wooden plows through late-spring fields when monsoons have dampened the dry, cra cked earth. After harvest, the oxen break the grain from the stalk by stomping through mounds of cut wheat and sift. For rice cultivation in irrigated fields, the male water buffalo is preferred (it pulls better in deep mud), but for most other crops, including rainfall rice, wheat, sorghum, and millet, and for transporting goods and people to and from town, a team of oxen is preferred. The ox is the Indian peasants tractor, thresher and family car combined the cow is the factory that produces the ox. If draft animals instead of cows are counted, India appears to have too few domestic ruminants, not too many. Since each of the 70 million farms in India requires a draft team, it follows that Indian peasants should use 140 million animals in the fields. But in that respect are nevertheless 83 million oxen and male water buffalo on the subcontinent, a shortage of 30 million draft teams.In other regions of the world, joint ownership of draft animals might overcome a shortage, but In dian agriculture is closely tied to the monsoon rains of late spring and summer. matter preparation and planting must coincide with the rain, and a farmer must have his animals ready to plow when the weather is right. When the farmer without a draft team needs bullocks most, his neighbors are all using theirs. Any delay in biteing the soil drastically lowers production. Because of this dependence on draft animals, loss of the family oxen is devastating. If a fauna dies, the farmer must borrow money to buy or rent an ox at interest rates so high that he ultimately loses his land. Every year foreclosures force thousands of poverty-stricken peasants to abandon the countryside for the overcrowded cities.If a family is fortunate enough to own a fertile cow, it will be able to rear renewments for a lost team and thus survive until life returns to normal. If, as sometimes happens, famine leads a family to sell its cow and ox team, all ties to agriculture are cut. Even if the family sur vives, it has no way to farm the land, no oxen to work the land, and no cows to produce oxen. The prohibition against eating meat applies to the flesh of cows, bulls, and oxen, but the cow is the most sacred because it can produce the other two. The peasant whose cow dies is not only crying over a spiritual loss but over the loss of his farm as well. Religious laws that forbid the slaughter of cattle promote the recovery of the agricultural system from the dry Indian winter and from periods of drought. The monsoon, on which all agriculture depends, is erratic. Sometimes it arrives early, sometimes late, sometimes not at all. Drought has struck large portions of India time and again in this century, and Indian farmers and the zebus are accustomed to these natural disasters. Zebus can pass weeks on end with little or no food and water.Like camels, they store both in their humps and recuperate quickly with only a little nourishment. During droughts the cows often stop lactating and bec ome destitute. In some cases the condition is permanent but often it is only temporary. If barren animals were summarily eliminated, as Western experts in animal husbandry have suggested, cows capable of recovery would be lost along with those entirely debilitated. By keeping alive the cows that can later produce oxen, religious laws against cow slaughter assure the recovery of the agricultural system from the greatest challenge it faces the failure of the monsoon. The local Indian governments aid the process of recovery by maintaining homes for barren cows. Farmers reclaim any animal that calves or begins to lactate. One police station in Madras collects strays and pastures them in a field adjacent to the station. After a keen fine is paid, a cow is returned to its rightful owner when the owner thinks the cow shows signs of being able to reproduce.During the hot, dry spring months most of India is like a desert. Indian farmers often complain they cannot feed their livestock duri ng this period. They maintain cattle by letting them scavenge on the sparse potbelly along the roads. In the cities cattle are encouraged to scavenge near food stalls to supplement their scant diet. These are the wandering cattle tourists report seeing throughout India. Westerners call for shopkeepers to respond to these intrusions with the deference due a sacred animal instead, their response is a string of curses and the crack of a long bamboo pole across the beasts back or a poke at its genitals. Mahatma Gandhi was well aware of the treatment sacred cows (and bulls and oxen) baffled in India How we bleed her to take the last drop of milk from her. How we starve her to emaciation, how we ill-treat the calves, how we deprive them of their portion of milk, how cruelly we treat the oxen, how we castrate them, how we beat them, how we overload them.Oxen generally receive better treatment than cows. When food is in short tot, thrifty Indian peasants feed their working bullocks and ignore their cows, but rarely do they abandon the cows to die. When cows are sick, farmers worry over them as they would over members of the family and nurse them as if they were children. When the rains return and when the fields are harvested, the farmers again feed their cows regularly and reclaim their abandoned animals. The prohibition against beef consumption is a form of disaster insurance for all India. Western agronomists and economists are quick to protest that all the functions of the zebu cattle can be improved with organized breeding programs, cultivated pastures, and silage. Because stronger oxen would pull the plow faster, they could work multiple plots of land, allowing farmers to share their animals. Fewer healthy, well-nourished cows could provide Indians with more milk.But pastures and silage require arable land, land needed to produce wheat and rice. A look at Western cattle farming makes plain the cost of adopting advanced technology in Indian agriculture. In a analyse of livestock production in the linked States, one scientist at Cornell University found that 91 percent of the cereal, legume, and vegetable protein suitable for human consumption is consumed by livestock. Approximately three quarters of the arable land in the United States is devoted to growing food for livestock. In the production of meat and milk, American ranchers use enough fossil fuel to equal more than 82 million barrels of oil annually. Indian cattle do not drain the system in the same way. In a 1971 study of livestock in West Bengal, India, by a professor at the University of Missouri, found that Bengalese cattle ate only the inedible remains of subsistence crops rice straw, rice hulls, the tops of sugar cane, and mustard-oil cake.Cattle graze in the fields after harvest and eat the remains of crops left on the ground they forage for grass and weeds on the roadsides. The food for zebu cattle costs the human population virtually nothing. Basically the cattle con vert items of little direct human value into products of immediate utility. In addition to plowing the fields and producing milk, the zebus produce dung, which fires the hearths and fertilizes the fields of India. Much of the estimated 800 million tons of manure produced annually is collected by the farmers children as they follow the family cows and bullocks from place to place. And when the children see the droppings of another farmers cattle along the road, they pick those up also. The system operates with such high efficiency that the children of West Bengal recover nearly 100 percent of the dung produced by their livestock. From 40 to 70 percent of all manure produced by Indian cattle is use as fuel for cooking the rest is returned to the fields as fertilizer.Dried dung burns slowly, cleanly, and with low heat characteristics that satisfy the crime syndicate needs of Indian women. Staples like curry and rice can simmer for hours. While the meal slowly cooks over an unattended fire, the women of the household can do other chores. Cow chips, unlike firewood, do not scorch as they burn. It is estimated that the dung used for cooking fuel provides the energy-equivalent of 43 million tons of coal. At current prices, it would cost India an extra 1.5 billion dollars in foreign exchange to replace the dung with coal. And if the 350 million tons of manure that are being used as fertilizer were replaced with commercial fertilizers, the expense would be even greater. Roger Revelle of the University of California at San Diego has calculated that 89 percent of the energy used in Indian agriculture (the equivalent of about 140 million tons of coal) is provided by local sources.Even if foreign loans were to provide the money, the capital outlay necessary to replace the Indian cow with tractors and fertilizers for the fields, coal for the fires, and transportation for the family would probably warp international financial institutions for years. Instead of asking the I ndians to learn from the American model of industrial agriculture, American farmers might learn energy conservation from the Indians. Every step in an energy cycle results in a loss of energy to the system. Like a pendulum that slows a bit with each swing, each transfer of energy from sun to plants, plants to animals, and animals to human beings involves energy losses. Some systems are more efficient than others they provide a higher percentage of the energy inputs in a final, useful form. Seventeen percent of all energy zebus consume is returned in the form of milk, traction and dung. American cattle raised on Western range land return only 4 percent of the energy they consume. But the American system is improving. ground on techniques pioneered by Indian scientists, at least one commercial firm in the United States is reported to be building plants that will turn manure from cattle feedlots into combustible gas.When organic matter is broken down by anaerobic bacteria, methane gas and carbon dioxide are produced. After the methane is cleansed of the carbon dioxide, it is operational for the same purposes as natural gas cooking, heating, electricity generation. The company constructing the plant plans to sell its product to a gas-supply company, to be piped through the existing distribution system. Schemes exchangeable to this one could make cattle ranches almost independent of utility and gasoline companies, for methane can be used to run trucks, tractors, and cars as well as to supply heat and electricity. The relative energy self-sufficiency that the Indian peasant has achieved is a goal American farmers and industry are now striving for. Studies often background the efficiency of the Indian cow, because dead cows are used for purposes that Hindus prefer not to acknowledge.When a cow dies, an Untouchable, a member of one of the lowest rank castes in India, is summoned to haul away the carcass. Higher castes consider the body of the dead cow polluting i f they do handle it, they must go through a rite of purification. Untouchables first skin the dead animal and either tan the skin themselves or sell it to a leather factory. In the privacy of their homes, contrary to the teachings of Hinduism, impregnable castes cook the meat and eat it. Indians of all castes rarely acknowledge the existence of these practices to non-Hindus, but most are aware that beef eating takes place.The prohibition against beef eating restricts consumption by the higher castes and helps distribute animal protein to the poorest sectors of the population that otherwise would have no source of these vital nutrients. Untouchables are not the only Indians who consume beef. Indian Muslims and Christians are under no restriction that forbids them beef, and its consumption is legal in many places. The Indian ban on cow slaughter is state, not national, law and not all states restrict it. In many cities, such as New Delhi, Calcutta, and Bombay, legal slaughterhouses s ell beef to retail customers and to the restaurants that serve steak.6

Corporate Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation Essay

A frame conk refers to a basic conceptional structure of something, a set of facts or ideas that provides the necessary support for something (Steinberg 2009). On the opposite hand, a learning framework is a programmed academic work that is needed for the Co-operation education completion (Fisher 2008). The framework helps in planning on how objectives and goals of a given exclusive or organization are achieved. This is d iodin finished the use of Co-operative Education Placement organization (CPO) and provides a persons academic program with a solid foundation.This framework feeds the educators with an expertise foundation concerning learning. It serves as a richly efficient system for organizing, addressing and describing learning strengths and weaknesses. learning framework consists of 8 constructs namely attention, tangled thinking, language, memory, social cognition, neural motor functions, temporal-sequential nightspoting and spatial Roderick.Learning Goal 1 Being self d irected and reflexive learners Self-directed learning in CPO is not a new concept. Its contributions and related information has been written down. Unfortunately, its notion has a variety of applications and interpretations in the arena of corporate training. Its typical narrow interpretations pertain providing learners with some sort of choice in their learning. For example learners are allowed to select one or more courses from structured job training.Reflective learning on the opposite hand helps in developing self awareness, analytical skills and critical thinking which is important to both students and staff. It helps in informing about what didnt work or worked, what whitethorn be done differently, or how people may develop their practice or behavior.Learning goal 2 Being wise(p) in the major field of study Knowledge consists of many varying facets encompassing skills from learning to understand how to create or build how to manage finances, and evocative with natu re. My role in acquiring knowledge through CPO is to ensure that education provided consists of all the required skills of running an organization.Key tasks involved Keep an open mind. Learning always challenges our assumptions and the pre-wired reaction is to ignore the conflicting ideas. Dont dismiss something automatically as it fails to neatly fit in your current worlds vision.Deciding the type of knowledge you want to acquire. This incorporates two types of knowledge that is specialized knowledge where you want to focus specifically on breadth rather than depth. The other one is specific knowledge where you yield to focus on the depth of the skills or information you want to acquire.Get out of the comfort zone. Involves learning things that major power based on your keenest interest through engaging in your community activities. Check on boards for local announcement or from your community website. This enhances the access of a number of learning opportunities classes, da nces, community theatre or economic aid.Dont be afraid to fail. It is the most significant advice in learning on how to be knowledgeable. Owning and learning to your mistake will help in gaining knowledge in your major areas that will help in remembering the correct information better.My personal attributes and role will help my CPO in acquiring the required values and skills necessary in learning.Learning goal 3 Being trouble solvers and enquirers (internal environment) Internal environment involves the factors that influence/affect descent operations from within (Coley 2010). The interrelatednesss within the organization involve how different departments interrelate with one another such(prenominal) as sales, production, marketing, billing and research. The structure of the organization defines how these departments interrelate and interacts with one another, and the chain of commands running through different levels.These interrelationships within the organization are manag ed by my CPO through provision of the required knowledge and skills. This knowledge is acquired through training that facilitates better relationships within the organization.The organizational chart From the get wind tasks in LG2, they all interrelate with one another with a cohesive relationship. In order for the organizational tasks to be completed, a good relationship is needed from the organizational culture to resource management.For strong management of internal relationships, my CPO facilitates through providing managerial skills required in different departments of the organization, the employer should facilitate regular training, favorable working environment, effective means of communication and unanimous internal controls.LG 3.2- critical enquirers and problem solvers, impacts of external environment on the CPO and intentness External environment involves external factors such as customers and competitors who affect the operations of the business from outside (Xue 2008). My CPO involves a method of combining education based on classroom with practical work experience. Within this sector of the industry, a number of key factors are considered for effective management and better interrelationships. Some of these factors include the size of the industry, consumer demand of its products and the rate of growth.The current business world has been facing a handle of challenges in its effort of meeting the needs of the customers. A major issue is on the lack of clarity in the scope of the functions of the business. This issue may have a positive impact to my CPO and its industry sector as many business people would be seeking for the relevant knowledge.External stakeholders such as customers, competitors, and the government may contribute to a better relationship if well catered for by the industry.LG 3.3 business management The topic investigates on the role of management on staffing. This is a very essential area that needs to be carried out with all due knowledge as it determines the progress of the business.Learning goal 4 honest and social righteousness facing society and business Ethical means to do with what is wrong and right, based on morality (Cafoliete 2010). Social responsibility is refers to an ethical theory that an individual or organization has an obligation to act for societal benefits (Amaeshi 2013). An ethical decision facilitates better services and creates a good foresee of an organization. My CPO and industry may consider offering training on how to ethical business characteristics and ensures customer needs are fully met (Bates 2013). Lack of enough skills may lead to a challenge in my CPO on making business decision that is ethical.LG 5 work collaboratively Communication is a key factor in every business organization. Communication enhances better relationships with others in the industry thus facilitating work collaborations. My strength in this aspect is that my CPO consists of th e largest communication department which links with other external organizations. The major weakness is on the poor communication skills currently displayed by many of the departmental attendants. My goal is to ensure that communication has been enhanced and effective channels installed. The strategies to be put in place include in-service training and workshops should be held regularly, installation of communication devices in all departments and skilled managers employed. In order to assess whether the goals have been achieved, it should be measured in terms of profit margin and the number of customers.Aspect 2 working effectively in teams team work is a key tool in enhancing effective operations and increased productivity. It brings unity thus enhancing collaboration with others. The strengths in this aspect are that legal age of the group members are of the same age thus works well as a group. The weakness is on the team leadership as my CPO industry has a few experienced m anagers. My goal is to develop the strongest working team in the industry. The strategies set include ensuring that more skilled managers are employed, workshops held to regular ground to train members on how to have strong working teams. Though it is hard to assess the strength of a team, my industry will check on the interrelationship between the internal and external environments to assess whether the goal has been met.ReferencesAmaeshi, K., & Nnodim, P. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation. Hoboken Taylor and Francis.Augustine, C. H. (2009). Improving school leadership the promise of cohesive leadership systems. Santa Monica, CA RAND.Bates, C. G. (2013). orbicular social issues an encyclopedia. Armonk, NY M.E. Sharpe.Bender, T. (2012). Discussion-based online teaching to enhance student learning theory, practice, and assessment (2nd ed.). Sterling, Va. Stylys.Clayton, P. E. (2009). Essential law for your business a practical guide to all le gal and monetary requirements (13th ed.). London Kogan Page.Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2008). Better learning through structured teaching a framework for the gradual release of responsibility. Alexandria, Va. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.LaFollette, H. (2010). The Blackwell guide to ethical theory. Oxford, OX, UK Blackell Publishers.Menon, R., & Kumar, R. (2010). The long view from Delhi to define the Indian grand strategy for foreign policy. New Delhi Academic Foundation in association with Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations.Schuh, C. (2012). The CPO transforming procurement in the real world. Berkeley, CA Apress .Snoeyenbos, M., Almeder, R. F., & Humber, J. M. (2011). Business ethics (3rd ed.). Amherst, N.Y. Prometheus Books.Steinberg, D. (2009). EMF Eclipse Modeling Framework (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Addison-Wesley.Source document

Alienation of Labor Essay

The Alienation of Labor is an idea of Karl Marx which is an artificial construct and it is certainly applied but not too clear. Marx describes this idea in a somewhat straightforward manner. He is basically saying that the worker has no control over his or her life. The worker is nothing more than a cog cosmos used in the business machines discretion. The worker really has no individual rights and certainly no demonstration in the market place.In turn, the laborer is a slave to the system of product construction. There ar four demos involved in this idea. There is nature, or human nature and this is because you are alienated from human nature. The second stage is the self, it is animalistic, and you are being reduced to an animal. The third stage is species, no longer having any sort of creativity. The final stage is other, meaning competition or work amongst each other. Hegel vs. Nietzsche -HegelHegel believes that slave morality is an opportunity to work on ones self, and that freedom in the point truly helps oppression. He believes that in this relationship, the outstrip is actually the slave. He thinks this because he feels that the master is dependent on the slave and without the slave the master is nothing. In turn, this makes the master a slave because he is so dependent on his slave. If you crumble, Hegel believes it is a tragedy because he is a communitarian which means he is more empathetic to situations.He believes that if you werent strong enough and mentally tough enough it was because you didnt get the support and care from the community. -Nietzche Similar to Hegel, Nietzche also thinks that freedom is held in the straits and you can only achieve this by being strong. A main difference of Nietzsches view compared to Hegel is the fact that he believes that if you fail at handout yourself through the mind, you can only put it on yourself, it was your fault and no one elses.Nietzsches view of this relationship works on two dissimilar levels or ideas good or bad in the case of master morality and evil or good in the case of the slave. When talking well-nigh slaves, he believes that the slaves are incapable of creating their own original values, instead they are influenced and invert to their masters. The masters view of the slave according to Nietzsche is basically that he is good therefore the slave is bad. In contrast, the slaves view of the master is that he is evil, therefore we are good.

Soft Tissue Injuries Therapy Effects Health And Social Care Essay

The correlativities mingled with meanders and high frequence sound moving ridges have been studied and suggested as a therapy for over seven decennaries now ( Wood et al. , 1927 ) . Ultrasound has become a really widely use method to handle a assortment of health check conditions from lesions to tumors ( Young & A Dyson. , 1990 ) and is utilise normally for handling soft waver hurts. The habit of echography for handling soft create from raw material hurts is over a gazillion at National Health Services ( NHS ) in UK ( Haar et al. , 1985 ) .Ultrasound therapy has become the most widely used interpellation for soft wander hurts ( Speed, 2001 ) . Ultrasound is mechanised quiver of high frequence unhearable sound which gets converted into acoustic energy by mechanical distortion of piezoelectric crystal nowadays in the caput ( Haar, 1987 ) . Curative ultrasonography has a frequence scope from 0.75 to 3 megahertz. and sonography moving ridges of low frequence have higher inc ursion simply ar less in focal point, hence ultrasound of frequence 1MHz is recommended for patients who have more fat and similarly for deeper hurts and 3MHz for superficial lesions ( Gann, 1991 ) . Phonophoresis and extracorporeal daze wave therapy ( ESWT ) are two ultrasound therapy signifiers used clinically phonophoresis uses a medicated unction which acts as a matching media ( Kanikkannan et al. , 2000 ) . ESWT uses higher energy concentration which farther could be spiel with the customs duty of modified lithotripter ( Loew et al. , 1999 ) .Ultrasound affects the threads and cell in a organic structure via either thermic or non-thermal tangible mechanisms ( Speed, 2001 and Young, 2002 ) . When ultrasound is given to a patient, a portion of it is absorbed taking to heat coevals within the create from raw stuffs it travels through. The soaking up by the tissue depends on the frequence of ultrasound used and the tissue belongingss like the nature and the vascularizat ion grade. Ultrasound is absorbed more by tissues wit higher protein content as compared to those with higher fat content. In some scenarios the usage of ultrasound gives bio-effects with expose affecting of import temperature alterations, like low strength spacial mean temporal norm ( SATA ) . To produse the non-thermal consequence in ultrasound, whizz or more of the physical processs cavitation, standing moving ridges and acoustic cyclosis, are used.Even though ultrasound has become an of import healing(predicate) facet used in physical medical specialty, the construct of dealingss between biological system and sound moving ridges have non been explained decently ( Bradnock et al. , 1996 ) . Ultrasound is normally employed for loss decrease and tissue fix sweetening in the discussion of soft tissue distress and is most effectual on recent soft tissue lesions ( Hashish et al. , 1986 ) . There are merely some clinical appraisals available to mensurate the efficaciousness of ult rasound intervention in soft tissue harm even though it is widely used. The most common intervention given by physical therapists are for hurts re latterlyd to soft tissue like those determined in joint capsule, corium, sinews and ligaments ( Dyson, 1987 ) . Survey shows that within Britain, physical therapists who use ultrasound for intervention constitute 20 % in NHS and 54 % of all private intervention as in 1985 ( Haar, 1987 ) .The utilitys and effects of intervention given does non acquire decently assessed unless there is sufficient scientific and clinical grounds to back up the same. This examine has been done maintaining in head this point in head and is aimed at reexamining the literatures available to measure the effectivity of utilizing ultrasound in handling soft tissue amendss and hurts. This essay is made to reexamine available literatures to measure the clinical and scientific grounds in support of utilizing ultrasound therapy in handling soft tissue hurt every bi t full(a) as to place of import countries that could be utilized in future research that could be carried out to incur and heighten the current cognition and apprehension of the topic.LITERATURE REVIEWSAs per Dyson ( 1987 ) , there are three overlapping contours in the fix of soft tissue hurts, viz. previous(predicate) and late ague redness, proliferation and re good exampleing. Young ( 2002 ) points about an highly dynamic inflammatory stage when a figure of cells like mast cells, thrombocytes, neutrophils and macrophages come in and travel off from the unnatural country or lesion site. Harmonizing to the surveies, remedy ultrasound has the ability to speed up the fix by interacting with these cells and command their activities ( Young 2000 ) .Harmonizing to a randomized controlled double blind check based on an data-based reading on human abdominal tissue conducted by Snow and Johnson ( 2003 ) indicate that the dose of curative ultrasound given to the topics did bring fort h anti inflammatory consequence. However, the research actor was non confident sing the consequence and has stated farther that the clinically use ultrasound was non better than anti inflammatory consequence produced by placebo. Harmonizing to a randomized two-base hit blinded controlled canvas survey done on topics following a remotion of wedged lower 3rd molar surgically with a entire engagement of 150 topics, Hashish et al. , ( 1986 ) found that the puffiness was reduced importantly in ultrasound group every bit good as placebo group in contrast with the control group which was non treated. It was to a fault noted that the highest anti inflammatory consequence was attained at the lowest strength ( 0.1 and 0,5 Wcm-2 ) and lowest anti inflammatory consequence was noticed at highest strength ( 1.5 Wcm-2 ) . The placebo group was besides noticed to give similar consequences that were seen at lower strength of ultrasound, which indicates the consequence of curative ultrasound conseq uence was comparable to placebo every bit good. The research worker besides fails to explicate if the good consequence at low frequence of ultrasound was noticed because of thermic effects or non thermic effects.Harmonizing to Dyson ( 1987 ) , mast cells and thrombocytes get spark and let go of substances like chemotactic agents which have the ability to pull to the injured country polymorph atomic leukocytes and monocytes to originate a fix when there is soft association tissue hurt. Dyson and Young ( 1990 ) conducted an in-vitro controlled data-based survey on macrophage-like cell line. It was found that uninterrupted exposure to ultrasound for 5 proceedingss at 0.75 MHz appeared to be expedient as compared to the same continuance for 3.0 MHz exposure, in release of fibroblast effectual substances from cells likely by bring forthing permeableness alterations. This leads to a release of performed mitogenic substances that involves stable cavitation. On the other manus, exposure to 3.0 MHz does control to excite the cell, the tax write-off and favoritism of fibroblast mitogenic substances go on a small subsequently by the cells normal secernment procedure.Ultrasound has the ability to excite histamine release by degranulation from the mast cell in vitro every bit good as vivo ( Hashish, 1986 and Fyfe & A Chahl, 1982 ) . The release of chemotactic agents is besides achievable as these are besides present in the mast cells. Due to these grounds, curative ultrasound intervention is effectual if given within a few hours of the hurt. The arousal in degranulate of mast cells with the masking of ultrasound could perchance be due to increase in its permeableness to calcium as a consequence of ultrasound. At this phase of the hurt, the major chemical secreted that modifies the hurt environment is histamine ( Young, 2002 ) .Some surveies carried out by different research workers have besides shown conflicting results for the curative ultrasound in interventio n of soft tissue hurts. Harmonizing to bread maker ( 2001 ) , small cogent evidence is present to back up that active ultrasound therapy is more effectual in handling hurting or assorted musculoskeletal stocks than placebo. Harmonizing to a survey conducted by Middlemast & A Chatterjee ( 2003 ) on effectivity of curative ultrasound in intervention of soft tissue hurt concludes that curative ultrasound is really effectual in handling the status and is even more effectual if applied down the stairs 24 hours of the hurt. It farther provinces that there is an appreciable decrease in swelling every bit good with the application of ultrasound therapy.Harmonizing to Binder et Al ( 1985 ) who did a randomized controlled survey on ultrasound effectivity in handling sidelong epicondylitis, if the inflammatory province of the hurt remains for a long termination so the response to ultrasound intervention is hapless. Another research carried out by Makuloluwe & A Mouzas ( 1977 ) that deals with intervention of sprained mortise joint indicates that ultrasound therapy is effectual in soft tissue hurt. It farther clarifies that the mechanical quivers from ultrasound increases the flow of blood, permeableness of capillaries and tissue metamorphosis. These mechanical quivers are generated by change overing high frequence start current generated by an electrical generator in the ultrasound. Nyanzi et Al. ( 1999 ) did a survey on the dosage and clip continuance of ultrasound and found that it had no benefit over utilizing assumed ultrasound in handling sidelong ligament sprains of the ankle articulation. Harmonizing to a survey carried by Bradnock et Al. ( 1995 ) , low frequence ultrasound had really good consequence which showed instantly after the ultrasound therapy I intervention of mortise joint sprains.A survey carried out by Young ( 2002 ) states that the proliferative period of the ameliorate procedure comprise of cell incursion of lesion, angiogenesis, matrix depos ition, hurt decrease and re-re-epithelisation. Low & A Reed ( 2000 ) province that this phase of connective tissue model is accompanied by fibroblast of fresh blood vass.Dyson ( 1987 ) states that the proliferation begins after three yearss of the hurt and during this clip the cells are attracted to the cut and fresh blood vass are regenerated. The connective tissue matrix chiefly produces fibroblasts and contributes toward wound contraction. The curative ultrasound when right applied is expected to rush up the fix procedure by impacting the endothelial cells which is ask for angiogenesis. The contraction rate can be accelerated by application of curative ultrasound therapy to the hurt during its sensitive phase ( Dyson, 1987 ) . At this phase, contractile myofibroblast temporarily develops and the contraction leads to the decrease in the size of the lesion. Ultrasound therapy may besides act upon the contraction of the lesion via effects from macrophages that in bend accelerates the production of contractile cells in the injured country.Barry et Al. ( 1990 ) carried out an experimental survey based on effects of ultrasound therapy for handling Achilles sinews in mice and noticed that there was an addition in the synthesis of collagen in the treated sinews as compared with the sinew that was non treated and the consequences showed consistence with the addition in collagen synthesis and better strength of the repaired sinew. Dyson and Pond ( 1970 ) conducted a controlled experimental test on pinnule of coney ear and concluded that ultrasound therapy AIDSs in tissue alteration. They farther added that the most effectual application for maximal tissue regeneration was noticed when pulsed ultrasound was given at 3MHz. they ruled out any the function of thermic effects in regeneration of tissues. They noticed that when ultrasound was applied to connective tissues so a morphological change in fibroblast cells was found that could be associated to the accelerated coevals of the units of molecular constituent of collagen.Dyson & A Young ( 1990 ) conducted an experimental controlled survey on lesions in grownup rat s wing tegument after exposing to 0.1 tungstens / square centimeter SAT, and frequence of 0.75 MHz or 3.0 MHz of ultrasound therapy. A really high grade of vascularization was found in the two groups treated with ultrasound than the control group. It besides confirmed that the early stage of fix is accelerated by the usage of ultrasound. But, after 7 yearss of intervention, there was no important difference between the treated and the control group. They besides concluded that ultrasound given at 0.75 MHz. had better consequence than 3 MHz, bespeaking a viable engagement of non-thermal ultrasound constituent.Harvey et Al. ( 1975 ) conducted a controlled experimental survey on human fibroblast and indicated that the protein synthesis in fibroblast could be stimulated by the usage of curative ultrasound. They besides indicated that extremist structural alterations like permeableness alteration which has possible part in stimulation mechanism are besides induced by the intervention. Webster et Al. ( 1980 ) did a in-vitro controlled survey on human embryologic fibroblast and stated that the physical mechanism of cavitation is voluminous in actuating the synthesis of proteins in fibroblast when curative ultrasound is applied. They besides indicated that the the fibroblast stimulation gets suppressed with the application of force per unit discipline of 2 ambiance in the irradiation procedure. It therefore suggests that the responsible physical mechanism is nil but cavitation.Dyson and Young ( 1990 ) reported macrophage that generate fibroblast mitogenic factor could be stimulated by ultrasound therapy using the important function played by cell line U937in wound repairing moving as a magpie cell in the debridement of lesions every bit good as a beginning of of import factors that stimulate the fix.Dyson and Suck ing ( 1987 ) performed a randomised controlled test survey on worlds with chronic ulcer andA A foundA that tissue fix is causedA due toA alteration in diffusion rate and membrane permeableness obtained as a consequence of acoustic steaming and warming doing stimulation of tissue fix byA alteringA the clip taken for protein synthesisA .and besides found that cavitationA leads to alter in the protein synthesis by fibroblast.A In the survey conducted by Young ( 2002 ) it is found that remodelling stage of woundA tooks longer or less timeA depending upon theA A A the nature of tissue involved in the hurt as due to injuryA change inA A the tensile strength. collegen content, cellular nature of lesion occurs.Webster et Al, . ( 1980 ) conducted a controlled experimental survey designA and found that collagen synthesis in human fibroblastA occurs due to cavitation consequence obtained by ultrasound application in vitro, diploidA , embryonicA fibroblast of human. .It is besides ascertained t hatA addition in tensile strength and granulation tissue formation occurs due to increased collagen synthesis.IncreasedA tensile strength and absorptionA capacity of sinew caused due to applicationA of uninterrupted ultrasound is observedA by an experimental controlled survey done by Enwemeka et al. , ( 1990 ) A who treatedA right tendo-calcaneous of coney with uninterrupted ultrasound.Researcher concluded that high strength sonication is non required to enhanceA A mending strength of sinew. Though this findingA is different for worlds. InA another experimental survey performed by Barry et al. , ( 1990 ) on Achilles sinew hurts in rats it is observed that ultrasound enhances the rate of sinew fix when uninterrupted ultrasound therapy of 1.5 Watt / square cadency is applied on rat Achilles sinew. ThisA consequence may be found different for worlds.Critical analysis of the literatureTo heighten the application of ultrasound, specifically concentrating the patient attention for raft enduring from soft tissue hurts, a systematic analysis and reexamine all facets of available survey was done. This was carried out in order to happen out if the consequences and effects inferred by assorted surveies done antecedently in the same field render biological principle that could be taken into history for the application of ultrasound for soft tissue hurts.Baker et al. , ( 2001 ) carried out a reappraisal on bio-physical effects of curative ultrasound. The research worker brought frontward the fact that the by and large characterized ultrasound s biophysical effects do non happen in vivo nor has the same been confirmed to possess any clinical impact under expound scenarios. The survey besides suggests the absence of bio-physical groundss that can function as scientific land for curative ultrasound usage for attention among patients who suffer with soft tissue hurts.However, most of the surveies carried out on the capable affair by assorted research workers have explained the biological effects of ultrasound with the usage of vitro surveies. For case, Webster D F et al. , ( 1980 ) performed an experimental in-vitro controlled survey on primary, diploid human embryologic fibroblast. The survey was carried out to happen the function of ultrasound induced cavitation in the in vitro stimulation of collagen synthesis in human fibroblasts. It was found that collagen synthesis was stimulated similar to general protein synthesis with the application of ultrasound-induced cavitation. Such an extrapolation of consequences that were derived in-vitro to intact tissue behaviour, treated at similar curative ultrasound degree had to be approached meticulously. Prior to this survey there was no other survey to strongly show cavitation in tissues with curative degree of ultrasound that were treated in-vivo. However, it can be commented that cavitation that stimulates protein synthesis in-vitro stimulation in human fibroblasts might non be aroused in-vivo. Furthermor e, application of the consequences from the survey would non be possible on human tissue because of the changing environmental conditions and the existent consequence could seldom occur, when the human organic structures own defensive mechanism takes control.Per Baker et al. , ( 2001 ) , extrapolation of in vitro surveies to in vivo scenarios by allowing for reasonable impact of homoeostatic mechanism of the organic structure and by commanding and supplying similar dose would be a hard undertaking to achieve.Barry et al. , ( 1990 ) carried a research on the consequence of ultrasound therapy on the Achillies tendon fix hurts that was experimented on rats. The research worker must stay fresh experienced issues wile generalizing the rats study on human tissues due to aforesaid issues of differences in tissue constructions, difference in sizes etc. Ultrasound enacts otherwise in different environments, even though all attempts are made by the research worker to supply curative ultrasou nd dosage during experimentation and freedom for chairing impact of human organic structure s homeostatic mechanism.Similarly, Young and Dyson ( 1990 ) performed a survey to find the impact of ultrasound on angiogenesis. It was done to look into the consequence of curative ultrasound on new blood cells formation in full thickness, exercised lesions in wing teguments of the grownup rats and was assessed utilizing micro focal X ray techniques. There was no reference of the manner of ultrasound used for the survey that is whether the ultrasound manner was uninterrupted or pulse. Explanation was non provided by the research worker sing the physical mechanism of ultrasound that was involved in the survey for stimulation of angiogenesis. Further there is a high possibility of job that must hold been experienced during the survey while generalizing carnal survey on human tissues. ADecisionWith the recent promotion in medical and healthcare engineerings, the availableness of relatively ch eaper, little and portable handheld diagnostic medical equipments, there has been a wide-spread usage of ultrasound for the intervention of soft tissue hurts. Basically, Ultrasound is the usage of acoustic energy that increments cellular protein synthesis by originating cellular activity. At a cellular degree, it stimulates mechanical quivers for micro indulgent intervention at cellular degree with the usage of high frequence sound moving ridges and is really effectual for the intervention of soft tissue hurts, joint conditions and chronic instances. The usage of ultrasound instigates mending of surgical lesions and sores by cut downing puffinesss and handling them with minimum fibrosis and heightening vascularization. Numerous surveies have assessed chronic chapters or the 1s where the intervals have non been mentioned and there are deductions of ultrasound s important importance in the usage of first phases of an hurt. As a affair of pick, to relieve musculus cramp and hurting tha t leave increment tissue extensibility, ultrasound can be conspicuously be used because of its healing effects. Ultrasound can besides be used in combination with stretching exercisings to derive optimum tissue length ( Reed & A Ashikaga, 1997 ) .In the normal articulatio genus ligament ( Ellis, 1962 ) , and in cicatrix tissue ( Noyes et al, . 1974 ) , the usage of thermic doses of ultrasound has shown lengthening. When the tissue is heated to an appropriate temperature, application of ultrasound increases the opportunity to widen the tissues last for 10 proceedingss, A A A preceding to the targeted tissue coming back to normal temperature ( Frankel & A Nordin, 1980 ) .It is of extreme importance to do certain that the mechanicalA consequence of low-frequency ultrasound and thermalA consequence of high-frequency ultrasound are maintain moderately good. Perfusion, hurt granulation acceleration, hurt cleaning and metabolic intensification are included under the physiological cons equences of low frequence ultrasound. It is notable that optimum curative effectivity of ultrasound can be achieved at dosage ( W/cm2 ) andA dose ( series and frequence of application ) .Mechanism of interconnectedness and coaction between biological systems and sound moving ridges stands to be inconclusive, even though legion outstanding researches have been done to understand the physical, psychological and physiological systems implicated to ultrasound therapy intervention. Although several important trials and surveies have been done in-vitro every bit good as on animate beings to understand the biological effects of ultrasound, ill-defined enigma prevails about the ultrasound therapy action in instances of soft tissue hurts that still need to be ventured into. Similarly, to apologize the biological impacts in usage of curative ultrasound, there are deficient groundss available. There needs to transport out more strict in vivo surveies and researches to cognize these inside inf ormations that can assist to utilize ultrasound in a more optimum mode to handle soft tissue injuries.A( Word Count 3371 )

Case Study: Evolution Psychology Essay

1) Application questions1. One way evolutionary psychology can answer Dylans promiscuity is that it has run short a learned behavior that he has never had to correct/ interchange. The study states that he has been promiscuous since high school and he hold ins no reason to change his ways.2. To explain Dylans typical womanly interests being of mostly the same physical attributes, has to do with is innate contract for winnerful reproduction. His attractions to an athletic blonde of modal(a) height, is what Dylan believes the best fit to produce healthy children. Even though Dylan shows no c at one timern after the fact of having children, evolutionary psychology suggests that it is Dylans cognitive drive to find these types of women.3. Such as Dylans evolutionary drive for an attractive partner to reproduce with, the women he agrees with dating have some of the same drives for success with their partners to reproduce with. They may know of his wealth and great looks which may be so me deciding factors for their choice of a mate. It isnt until later that the women find taboo the not so attractive attributes of a man in Dylans position.4. Dylan most likely takes his dates out for a tennis match, to test their physicality and athleticism. He may not want to base his decision on a mate just off of looks he wants to know if they are strong sufficient to bring him strong offspring. We look at human evolution to justify this type of occurrence, even if it is a cognitive (subconscious approach) to determining a mate.5. As we see in nature, many male species do not care for the offspring after birth. That job is left to the mothers and this can explain Dylans feelings towards his own children. He feels he found a mate for a reason, to have strong children that they can look after. He does not feel it is his part to raise the children, once he has found a suitable mate, his job isdone.6. Dylan does not use birth control, because he feels it is the females duty to keep herself from becoming expectant if she does not want to be pregnant. Same goes for stds , in the relationship , if the woman has chosen Dylan he believes she has made the choice to trust him. Dylan would use tribute if he did not trust that the woman he chose to be was clean or not suitable for reproduction. He made a choice and so did the woman, he believes she has thought about all issues that may arise and that is why she is not worried about protection (in Dylans eyes).

Research in Practice

Introduction Population growth and issues such(prenominal) as globalisation argon the main drivers behind an increase in implore in the food sector. According to the USDA (2012), Processed soybeans are the worlds largest source of animal protein feed and the second largest source of vegetable oil. This sack be used as an indicator that thither is a constant demand for soybean in the food manufacturing.Whilst it is a fact that the US are runers in soy production, according to a survey by the IDEI (2012), soybean is mainly imported into the EU as there is high demand and a large variety of products that are made with or from soybean. In fact, demand exceeds its production (0.9 million stacks/year) and imports reach around 30-35 million tons per year. France, for example, produces approximately 140,000 tons per year and imports around 4 million tons of soybean meals for animal consumption, including 0.5 million tons of seeds.This type of issue has external and versed factors that could influence the PESTEL factor of governments inside the EU. This is curiously pertinent in Poland where economic dependency is on imports or on a small number of linchpin suppliers. Nevertheless, different issues feces be analysed in order to identify these types of problems, but one of the main factors is the controversy of GM and non-GM soybeans. The EU legislations refer to the non-authorization of the GM soybean and other GM crops in the EU, and authorization of high levels of import of GM soybean. This eventually means that 50% of soybean meals imported include GM. Nevertheless, issues such as the deliver chain and the end consumers tend to be interested in healthier foods, and where the place of the soy protein ingredients could mastermind place. Therefore, the acquire of the show chain and adjustment of appropriate strategies whitethorn affect the increase in capability and profitability.Literature Review Focusing on the concept of cater chain, there are s ome(prenominal) studies aimed at understanding where a common view on the provision chain is found. For example, according to Simchi-Levi et. al (2007), it is clearly seen that the supply chain involves developing an efficiency for all of the inputs, while going through a process of transformation and coming up with the outputs using the best possible strategy. This has led to the evolution of unexampled tactics and strategies in terms of operational and planning processes of the supply chain (Simchi-Levi et al., 2004)Nonetheless, Kreipl and Pinedo (2004) have discussed that in order to achieve a successful operation, there should be a decent planning of supply chain and goal setting. With an account of the whole structure of the constitution including micro and macro technological and financial factors (Lambert & Cooper, 2000 Bowersox et al., 2002), the supply chain is beingness studied in many different variations such as strategic and tactics. However, in simple business con ceptuality, it is mainly about receiving stripped costs and predicting movement of the business.In order to be more specific, according to various researchers, there are five main factors that are confused with supply chain management such as the use of outsource teams (Bal et al, 1999) and according to Christopher (2000), the incorporation of processes which spread the risks but similarly the income. This can lead to better ICT skills (Morash, 2001) and also helps with a long-term descent with the suppliers (Schonsleben, 2000).On the other hand, there are cases where wrong planning and expectation lead to relationship issues between partners and and so, the production process. In order to ensure these issues are avoided, a coordination of the managers in different departments should be presented (GEMI, 2004). According to Anderson and Tushman (1990) and Christensen (2003), it might be overlapped by being more innovatively structured within the existing securities application , or as Griffin and Page (1996) argue, being new in the market in terms of the first mover. On the other hand, Sebastiao and Golicic (2008) comply the two views and argue that the success of a attach to is based on the development of the supply chain such as the dynamics of the market.Frazelle (2002) states that the entire organisation across the supply chain should co-ordinate in order to maximise shareholder and customer cost through methods such as analysis of the bill from operations, vertical integration which collaborates the logistics and logistics services.The changes in international business have led to changes in the supply chain and pose many questions towards these changes and the strategies that should be taken by companies (Christopher, 2005), Hopkin (2010) adds to this perception and argues that supply chain management becomes even more important cod to global business. Nontheless, according to Bozart and Handfield (2006), the companys survival depends on the re presentation that the supply chain managers operate it. The leading point of supply chain managers is the ability to realise a competitive advantage (Klassen and Johnson, 2004).Lavoie (2005) provides an example of the awkward product, wheat, in which the importance of the supply chain and the logistical performance are more dynamic in than simply the competition even though the process differs due to difference in handing and supply chain process. The price differs by grade of protein and other characteristics.According to the USDA, forecasts for vegetable protein demand in 2011 have grown compared to anterior years which means that the availability of meal from South America might be lowered and this might be seen as opportunity for the USA to pad its share of the lash out soybean meal. (Agata Kingsbury, 2011) Thesis statement The main aim of this research is to allocate the supply chain of the soybean in Poland, the main producers, especially the main consumers and customers , and to allocate gaps in the market which could be seen as emerge business opportunities. There should be an understanding of the latest data and the major stakeholders of this accompaniment market and industry. This could eventually identify gaps in the market, and might be a useful tool for market research in emerging members of the EU such as Poland, eventually creating potential strategies for establishment of a business in this specific industry.The following research could be conducted with secondary and elemental research which is ready(prenominal) through major agricultural institutions and different major players of the market, such as avocationrs but mainly comes from the users of the soya bean in Poland. There will be a comparison with Non-EU markets as they are part of the stakeholders and exporters. With the allocation of the existing organisations in Poland, there might be an outcome for potential markets. There will therefore be primary research such as interv iews with professionals included.Methodology Philosophy of StudyThe two following philosophies of Positivism and Interpretivism are going to be examined during the research of the emerging opportunities in the Polish market with soybeans. The first theory will be looking at other theories and attempting to generalise them through looking at their outcomes two in and observable social reality which eventually can lead to gathering of relevant data such as by looking at the market performance in Poland and trying to relate it to the concept of growth in the market and possible market gaps in EU food industry (Remenyi et al., 1998).On the other hand, there will be the use of an interpretivistic approach throughout the analysis of the interviews with the different soja producers and traders in Poland and other countries in the EU so as to non-EU members such as Ukraine, and finally, when evaluating the research findings based on the interviews for the industry professionals.Approach T his research will mainly analyse business opportunities in the Polish soja market in the food production sector and is going to be conducted using the inductive approach.According to Bryman and Bell (2007), this busy method is the relationship between theory and the research that is being undertaken and finally, trying to evaluate and create a theory or concept out of the research. As in this particular research, there will be an analysis and study of the soybean in Poland and attempts to evaluate the issues that might relate to theory and concept which are the possibilities to market opportunities in Poland as an EU member, possibly become a European leader in producing soybean food products and potentially create possible strategies to develop the Soybean food industry in Poland by learning its implications and potential growth.Purpose of ResearchExplanatory research tends to be conducted by the researcher as the sign research requires the use of a decent amount of surveys to i ndicate the main topics for subsequent research. Consequently, I will conduct research of emerging possibilities in the Soybean industry in Poland and the EU and its possible growth and development, possibly finding challenges in the market of the food industry in Poland by looking at data analysis, eventually being able to develop a strategized correlation. Therefore, the qualitative data that will be researched may allow this understanding and will choose a clear vision of possibilities at relatively new markets. This particular method could be seen the most appropriate out of the three methods for this type of study (Lee, Collier & Cullen, 2007)Research Design As the main research focuses on the Soybean market in Poland and its effect on the food industry in Poland and the EU, I will be studying these particular industries and their potential growth and strategic analysis and finally, recommendations.Therefore, the study will involve a case study of large multinational companies that are mainly controlling the industry in term of their size and pricing. These companies include Cargill, Topfer, Bunge, Desmet Ballesetra, EuroFin and other possible American and EU organisations that can be found throughout the duration of the research. According to Saunders et al., there is a need for using various companies for research in order to gain a better understanding and establish the relevant data necessary for the research. The Mmin purpose in the collection date from these companies is due to the fact that they are deeply involved in the market and have strong forces of influence on it.An important factor is to interview these companies and their regional director in order to begin to create an image of the Polish soybean market and its supply chain, and finding the reasons of why and what could be done better.Another important issue is why Polish is being studied and this is due to the fact that it is relatively new market and a new member of the EU with large p otential in terms of development and its geographical and logistical preferences.Sample Size In this particular research, the sample will consist mainly of the Polish Soybean market and companies motioned above that are operated in Poland. As these soybean companies in Poland are European members, there will be an analysis of the EU soybean market and the main aspects of the supply chain of this particular business. I expect the sample size to grow over the period of this research.Secondary Research As mentioned earlier, there will be a study of the supply chain of the business. Therefore, there is a need to provide secondary data drawing on books on supply chain, statistics of intercontinental agricultural figures and changes, and journal articles of the companies performance. In order to indicate the performance of the market and any potential gaps in Polish soybean market which eventually could lead to credible data for business strategy, there will be other sources that are pro vided by the case study such as reports and presentations of new strategies and their supply chain.Primary ResearchFurthermore, there is a need to research primary data, based on direct interactions with the studied area and the main companies involved in the industry. There is also a need to study the agricultural polish department in terms of regulation and understanding the actual business in terms of legality, and to eventually conduct an analysis based on primary findings from processing companies in the food industry in Poland in the case of the Non-GMO soybeans. In this particular research, the most suitable method for primary research is a direct interview technique which consist of mostly semi-structured interviews.There will be five interviews in total that will be taken during the summer of 2013. One interview will take place with the CEO of the multinational company Bunge and another interview will be conducted with the CEO of other similar company MNC Toepfer. In both i nterviews, the main focus of the conversation will be the relationship of companies in Poland on their activates of business in Poland, from their trading perspective and so as manufacturing and relationship with local producers. Such as their supply chain, or challenges that they face in this field in Poland, so as their main reasons for entering these specific markets.Another interview will take place with a non EU member but also a major importer to Europe of Non-GMO soybean. This is the Ukrainian company ATK. The main aspect of this interview is to research the soybean market in terms of its production in the EU and the main concerns of food producers. Geographically, Ukraine has a potential for business in Poland with the Soybean, especially as Ukraine is one of the largest agricultural exporters in the worldTwo more interviews will be conducted with the Polish Soybean Extracting company Zlato Zerno and one with the Agricultural Ministry office in Poland. These interviews will be conducted to understand the actual concept of Non-GMO and the role of soy in the food sector in Poland and the EU.In terms of reliability and validity of the data, there may be couple of challenges such as whether the companies would like to provide the needed information, and if so, whether it would be based on academic material and world financial organisations such as the USDA. Ethical Issues The main ethical issues that might arise involve the primary research. When companies are studied, particularly private enterprises where there is a lack of transparency, there might be protection of particular data. Another factor is that most of the interviews are going to be conducted in foreign languages such as Ukrainian, Polish, and Russian and therefore, there will be a need for translation in order to avoid misunderstanding of the cultural differences in terms of language.Resources When referring back to the primary research, there are a variety of places that the interviews are going to take place in such as Warsaw, Kiev, Krakow, and potentially in Belgium. Interviews will take place over a two-month period of summer and shall end in capital of the United Kingdom for evaluations.and further interviews on Skype or via e-mails.Conclusion Considering the growth of globalisation, the increase of border-free trade between different countries, the dramatic increase in migration and population growth and the rise in concern for healthier products and a more sustainable environment, there is a need for food processing with constant growth in this particular area.This particular research is aimed at covering the knowledge in this industry and sphere, so as to conduct strategic analysis and eventually to make outcomes on the development of the food industry in Poland, within the context of Non-GMO soybean, and its potential growth, by looking at Poland and so as Europe and non European member which are geographically European.BibliographyAnderson, P., and Tushman, M .L. 1990. 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